引用本文: 赵晓男，唐进年，樊宝丽，李银科，王祺，金红喜，张莹花，杨雪梅，何芳兰，刘有军，刘振恒. 高寒地区不同程度沙化草地土壤种子库特征. 欢乐牛牛, 2020, 37(0): 1-13 doi: shu

Citation: ZHAO X N, TANG J N, FAN B L, LI Y K, WANG Q, JIN H X, ZHANG Y H, YANG X M, HE F L, LIU Y J, LIU Z H. Soil seed bank characteristics of grasslands with different desertification degrees in a high-cold region. Pratacultural Science, 2020, 37(0): 1-13 doi: shu

高寒地区不同程度沙化草地土壤种子库特征

赵晓男 ^1, ,
唐进年 ^{1,2,
,} ,
樊宝丽 ^3, ,
李银科 ^2, ,
王祺 ^2, ,
金红喜 ^2, ,
张莹花 ^2, ,
杨雪梅 ^2, ,
何芳兰 ^2, ,
刘有军 ^2, ,
刘振恒 ^{4,
,}

1.
gansunongyedaxueziyuanyuhuanjingxueyuan，gansu lanzhou 730070
2.
gansushengzhishayanjiusuo，gansu lanzhou 730070
3.
xibeishifandaxueshengmingkexuexueyuan，gansu lanzhou 730070
4.
亚博滚球 maquxiancaoyuangongzuozhan，gansu maqu 747300

作者简介: 赵晓男(1997-)，女，内蒙古兴和人，在读硕士生，研究方向为资源利用与植物保护。E-mail: ;

通讯作者: 唐进年, 刘振恒,

基金项目:亚博滚球国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0504804)

摘要: 为了探明高寒草甸土壤种子库对其沙化过程的响应，调查并分析了高寒区玛曲未沙化高寒草甸、沙化草地和流动沙丘土壤种子库特征与动态变化。结果表明: 1) 高寒草甸沙化过程中土壤种子库共出现物种13科32种，返青期和枯黄期均为11科24种，但物种组成有一定差异；2) 3种不同程度沙化草地0 − 15 cm土层种子库密度在返青期分别为3 096.0、679.4和56.6粒·m⁻²，集中分布在0 − 5 cm土层，且种子库密度均随着沙化程度增加而显著降低(P < 0.05)，在枯黄期低于返青期，但差异不显著(P > 0.05)；3) 无论是返青期还是枯黄期，高寒草甸土壤种子库物种的优势度、多样性、均匀度和丰富度指数均随着沙化程度的增加而降低，典型高寒草甸一旦沙化，种子库物种多样性就会锐减；4) 3种不同程度沙化草地土壤种子库与地上植被的相似性均较低，在0～0.5之间，但枯黄期高于返青期。研究结果表明，土地沙化对高寒区土壤种子库的受损影响较大，高寒草甸一旦沙化其土壤种子库的数量和多样性就会锐减，地带性种群不宜生存而退出，自然恢复较为困难。因此，在高寒区沙化土地治理中，人工建立适宜的土壤种子库是有效恢复与重建草地植被的关键措施和途径。

关键词:

English

Soil seed bank characteristics of grasslands with different desertification degrees in a high-cold region

1.
亚博滚球 college of resources and environment, gansu agricultural university, lanzhou 730070, gansu, china
2.
亚博滚球 gansu desert control research institute, lanzhou 730070, gansu, china
3.
college of life science, northwest normal university, lanzhou 730070, gansu, china
4.
grassland work station, maqu 747300, gansu, china

Corresponding author: Jinnian TANG, Zhenheng LIU,

Received Date: 2019-04-09
Available Online: 2019-11-01

Abstract: To understand the response of soil seed banks to grassland desertification in alpine regions, the characteristics and dynamic changes in soil seed banks located in non-desertified alpine meadows, sandy grasslands, and mobile dunes in Maqu alpine regions were investigated and analyzed. The results showed that: 1) 32 species belonging to 13 families appeared in the soil seed bank during the desertification process of alpine meadows, and 24 species from 11 families appeared during both the turning-green period and the withering period; however, the species composition was different. 2) The three grasslands had different degrees of desertification. The density of the seed bank in the 0–15 cm soil layer was 3 096.0, 679.4, and 56.6 grains·m⁻² in the greening stage, concentrated in the 0–5 cm soil layer, and the seed bank density decreased significantly as the degree of desertification increased (P < 0.05). The density during the yellowing period was lower than that during the turning-green period however, the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). 3) For both the greening period and the yellowing period, the degree of species dominance, diversity, uniformity, and abundance in the soil seed bank in the alpine meadow decreased with increasing degree of desertification. Once the typical alpine meadow was desertified, the species diversity of the seed bank noticeably decreased. 4) The similarity between the soil seed banks of the three grasslands with different desertification degrees and their vegetation was low, between 0 and 0.5; however, the similarity during the yellowing period was higher than that during the turning-green period. The results showed that the soil seed bank could be significant for the restoration of alpine desertified grassland. During the rejuvenation period, different types of degraded grasslands can be supplemented with common species or break seed dormancy to achieve vegetation restoration. Land desertification had a clear influence on the destruction of soil seed banks in alpine pastures. The density and diversity of soil seed banks decreased rapidly, zonal vegetation disappeared from the communities, and vegetation restoration became increasingly difficult. Therefore, it was an effective measure for vegetation restoration and reconstruction in alpine meadow areas to establish a scientific artificial soil seed bank.

Key words:

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亚博滚球

图 1 亚博滚球研究区位置图

Figure 1. Location map of the study area

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图 2 亚博滚球不同程度沙化草地土壤种子库密度季节变化

Figure 2. Seasonal variation of soil bank density in grasslands with different desertification degrees

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表 1 亚博滚球不同沙化程度草地自然概况

Table 1. 亚博滚球 General nature and conditions of sample plots with grasslands with different desertification degrees

立地类型 Site type	经纬度 Latitude andlongitude	海拔 Altitude/m	土壤类型 Soil type	土壤紧实度 Soil compaction	植被盖度 Vegetation Coverage/%	优势种 Dominant species
高寒草甸Alpine meadow	102°08′33.06″ E 33°56′50.40″ N	3 434	草甸土 Meadow soil	紧实 Compacted	100	高山嵩草 (Kobresia pygmaea)
沙化草地Sandy grassland	102°08′28.53″ E33°56′26.73″ N	3 435	风沙土 (下伏土壤为草甸土) Sandy soil (The underlying soil is meadow soil)	较疏松 Looser	30～55	藨草 (Scirpus triqueter)、褐鳞苔草 (Carex brunnescens)、披碱草 (Elymus dahuricus)
流动沙丘Mobile dune	102°08′29.90″ E 33°56′22.01″ N	3 438	风沙土 Sandy soil	疏松 Friable	< 10	藨草 (S. triqueter)、褐鳞苔草 (C. brunnescens)、赖草 (Leymus secalinus)、藏虫实 (Corispermum tibeticum)

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表 2 不同沙化程度草地土壤种子库物种组成及数量

Table 2. 亚博滚球 Species and number of soil seed banks in grasslands with different desertification degrees

物种名称 Species name	科 Family	生活型 Lifestyle	种子库密度 Soil seed bank density /(seeds·m⁻²)
			返青期 Turning-green period			枯黄期 Yellowing period
			高寒草甸 Alpine meadow	沙化草地 Sandy grassland	流动沙丘 Mobiledune	高寒草甸 Alpinemeadow	沙化草地 Sandy grassland	流动沙丘 Mobile dune
蕨麻 Potentilla anserina	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	P	533.3 ± 237.3	−	−	568.9 ± 159.0	−	−
二裂委陵菜 Potentilla bifurca	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	P	163.0 ± 127.0	151.0 ± 100.8	−	17.8 ± 12.2	45.3 ± 31.0	−
莓叶委陵菜 Potentilla fragarioides	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	P	103.7 ± 18.1	−	−	8.9 ± 8.9	−	−
钉柱委陵菜Potentilla saundersiana	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	P	29.6 ± 18.1	−	−	106.7 ± 67.8	−	−
伏毛山莓草 Sibbaldia adpressa	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	P	−	37.7 ± 23.1	−	−	−	−
钝裂银莲花 Anemone obtusiloba	毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	P	237.0 ± 65.4	−	−	53.3 ± 24.3		−
疏齿银莲花 Anemone geum	毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	P	148.2 ± 110.4	−	−	−	45.3 ± 31.0	−
矮金莲花 Trollius farreri	毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	P	103.7 ± 79.1	−	−	44.4 ± 15.7	−	−
条叶银莲花Anemone coelestina	毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	P	29.6 ± 18.1	−	−	−	22.7 ± 22.7	−
碱毛茛Halerpestes sarmentosa	毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	P	29.6 ± 18.1	−	−	17.8 ± 17.8		−
云生毛茛Ranunculus longicaulis	毛茛科 Ranunculaceae	P	29.6 ± 18.1	−	−	−	−	−
缘毛紫菀Aster souliei	菊科 Asteraceae	P	666.7 ± 226.6	−	−	35.6 ± 18.6	−	−
蒲公英Taraxacum mongolicum	菊科 Asteraceae	P	385.2 ± 79.1	−	−	311.1 ± 80.1	−	−
黄帚橐吾 Ligularia virgaurea	菊科 Asteraceae	P	−	283.1 ± 174.5	−	−	−	−
钝苞雪莲Saussurea nigrescens	菊科 Asteraceae	P	29.6 ± 18.1	−	−	−	−	−
乳白香青Anaphalis lactea	菊科 Asteraceae	P	−	−	−	44.4 ± 27.2		−
美丽风毛菊 Saussurea pulchra	菊科 Asteraceae	P	−	−	−	44.4 ± 22.2		−
狗娃花Aster hispidus	菊科 Asteraceae	A	−	−	−	26.7 ± 26.7		−
密花早熟禾Poa pachyantha	禾本科 Poaceae	P	59.3 ± 36.3	−	−	26.7 ± 19.9	22.7 ± 15.5	−
早熟禾 Poa annua	禾本科 Poaceae	A	−	−	−	35.6 ± 29.0	56.6 ± 40.0	−
垂穗披碱草Elymus nutans	禾本科 Poaceae	P	−	−	−	26.7 ± 19.9	−	−
菊叶香藜Dysphania schraderiana	藜科 Chenopodiaceae	A	−	37.7 ± 23.1	56.6 ± 22.7	−	−	−
刺藜Chenopodium aristatum	藜科 Chenopodiaceae	A	−	94.4 ± 94.4	−	−	−	−
藏虫实Corispermum tibeticum	藜科 Chenopodiaceae	A	−	−	−	−	−	22.6 ± 22.6
车前 Plantago asiatica	车前科 Plantaginaceae	P	251.9 ± 101.0	−	−	8.9 ± 8.9	−	−
甘青大戟Euphorbia micractina	大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	P	148.2 ± 72.6	−	−	−	−	−
问荆 Equisetum arvense	木贼科 Equisetaceae	P	118.5 ± 72.6	−	−	106.7 ± 46.1	−	−
高山豆 Tibetia himalaica	豆科 Fabaceae	P	29.6 ± 18.1	−	−	35.7 ± 29.0	−	−
鳞茎堇菜 Viola bulbosa	堇菜科 Violaceae	P	−	37.7 ± 23.1	−	−	−	−
葛缕子Carum carvi	伞形科 Apiaceae	P	−	37.7 ± 23.1	−	−	101.9 ± 70.5	−
附地菜Trigonotis peduncularis	紫草科 Boraginaceae	A	−	−	−	44.4 ± 22.2	−	−
兰石草 Lancea tibetica	玄参科 Scrophulariaceae	A	−	−	−	17.8 ± 17.8	−	−
总计 Total			3 096.0 ± 432.7	679.4 ± 261.5	56.6 ± 22.7	1 582.2 ± 400.6	294.4 ± 33.0	22.6 ± 22.6
A: 一年生草本植物；P: 多年生草本植物。　A: Annual; P: Perennial.

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表 3 亚博滚球不同程度沙化草地土壤种子库垂直分布

Table 3. Vertical distributions of seed banks in grasslands with different desertification degrees

采样时间 Sampling time	土层深度 Soil depth/cm	高寒草甸 Alpine meadow		沙化草地 Sandy grassland		流动沙丘 Mobile dune
采样时间 Sampling time	土层深度 Soil depth/cm	密度 Density/(seeds·m⁻²)	比例 Percentage/%	密度 Density/(seeds·m⁻²)	比例 Percentage/%	密度 Density/(seeds·m⁻²)	比例 Percentage/%
返青期 Turning-green period	0 − 5	2 429.6 ± 368.6Aa	78.5	396.3 ± 86.5b	58.3	37.7 ± 18.9c	67.0
	5 − 10	414.8 ± 64.6B	13.4	188.7 ± 161.2	27.8	18.9 ± 18.9	33.0
	10 − 15	251.9 ± 129.2C	8.1	94.4 ± 49.9	13.9	0.0 ± 0.0	0.0
枯黄期 Yellowing period	0 − 5	773.3 ± 246.5Aa	48.9	169.9 ± 50.6b	57.7	0.0 ± 0.0c	0.0
	5 − 10	417.8 ± 194.0B	26.4	67.9 ± 45.3	23.1	0.0 ± 0.0	0.0
	10 − 15	391.1 ± 263.5C	24.7	56.6 ± 35.8	19.2	22.6 ± 22.6	100
同行不同小写字母表示同一土层深度不同程度沙化草地间差异显著(P < 0.05)，同列不同大写字母表示同一程度沙化草地不同土层深度间差异显著(P < 0.05)。　Different lowercase letters within the same row indicate significant differences between different desertification-degree grasslands for the same soil layers at the 0.05 level, and different capital letters within the same column indicate significant differences between different soil layers for the same desertification-degree grasslands at the 0.05 level.

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表 4 亚博滚球不同程度沙化草地土壤种子库物种多样性分析

Table 4. 亚博滚球 The biodiversity analyses of soil seed banks in grasslands with different desertification degrees

采样时间 Sampling time	立地类型 Site type	优势度指数 Simpson index	多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener index	均匀度指数 Pielou index	丰富度指数 Margalef index
返青期 Turning-green period	高寒草甸 Alpine meadow	0.87 ± 0.03a	2.01 ± 0.09a	0.82 ± 0.01a	0.93 ± 0.05a
	沙化草地 Sandy grassland	0.55 ± 0.28a	0.44 ± 0.22b	0.22 ± 0.11b	0.61 ± 0.39a
	流动沙丘 Mobile dune	0.00 ± 0.00b	0.00 ± 0.00b	0.00 ± 0.00b	0.00 ± 0.00b
枯黄期 Yellowing period	高寒草甸 Alpine meadow	1.13 ± 0.26a	1.36 ± 0.31a	1.01 ± 0.19a	1.06 ± 0.22a
	沙化草地 Sandy grassland	0.26 ± 0.06b	0.50 ± 0.12b	0.27 ± 0.06b	0.15 ± 0.03b
	流动沙丘 Mobile dune	0.10 ± 0.10b	0.14 ± 0.14b	0.20 ± 0.20b	0.20 ± 0.20b
同列不同小写字母表示不同程度沙化草地间差异显著(P < 0.05)。　Different lowercase letters within the same column indicate significant differences between different desertification-degree grasslands at the 0.05 level.

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表 5 高寒草甸沙化过程中土壤种子库与地上植被相似性

Table 5. 亚博滚球 Similarity between soil seed bank and aboveground vegetation in the process of alpine meadow desertification

采样时间Sampling time	高寒草甸Alpine meadow	沙化草地Sandy grassland	流动沙丘Mobile dune
返青期Turning-green period	0.29	0.12	0.00
枯黄期Yellowing period	0.36	0.13	0.50

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亚博滚球

亚博滚球

高寒地区不同程度沙化草地土壤种子库特征

作者简介: 赵晓男(1997-)，女，内蒙古兴和人，在读硕士生，研究方向为资源利用与植物保护。E-mail: ;

通讯作者: 唐进年, 刘振恒,

English

Soil seed bank characteristics of grasslands with different desertification degrees in a high-cold region

Corresponding author: Jinnian TANG, Zhenheng LIU,

亚博滚球

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通讯作者: 陈斌,